After infancy, adolescence is the most rapid period of growth, with the highest nutritional needs.
The transition period between childhood and adulthood requires good nutrition to support physical growth and reproductive maturation. Failure to consume an adequate diet at this time can stunt growth and delay sexual maturation.
Menstruation increases the nutritional needs of adolescent girls7 for iron and other micronutrients related to growing bone and muscle mass. Teenage girls may benefit from nutraceutical approaches involving multivitamins (A, B, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, calcium, and phosphorous), healthy fats, and proteins.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is experienced by up to 90% of women during their reproductive years; in 5% to 8% of these people, affective symptoms are severe, according to a Cochrane Review.8 Vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium are essential for neurotransmitter synthesis and hormonal balance, both of which are potentially involved in the underlying pathogenesis of PMS.
Menstrual cramps are a common ailment in this cohort, experienced by approximately 50% of women. Cramps can worsen with age due to hormone imbalances and other associated conditions, including uterine fibroids.
Nutraceuticals containing ginger, evening primrose, valerian, dong quai (Angelica sinensis), chasteberry, or black haw may help in the treatment of menstrual disorders as they have anti-inflammatory and muscle-relaxing properties.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a much more severe subtype of PMS. Symptoms include anger, anxiety, and internal tension. Alternative treatments, including dietary supplementation, are more appropriate for PMS9 than PMDD.
